Introduction

This document details the various operation codes (opcodes) and their respective arguments for the XVM (XELIS Virtual Machine). Each opcode performs a specific operation, and the provided arguments determine its behavior. Errors occur if the argument count or format is invalid.

OpCode Reference

CONSTANT

• Description: Loads a constant value at a specified index.
• Arguments:
  • index (integer): The index of the constant.

MEMORYLOAD

• Description: Loads a value from memory to a register.
• Arguments:
  • register_index (integer): The index of the register.

MEMORYSET

• Description: Stores a value into a memory register.
• Arguments:
  • register_index (integer): The index of the register.

SUBLOAD

• Description: Loads a sub-value using an index.
• Arguments:
  • index (integer): The field index of the sub-value.

POP

• Description: Removes the top value from the stack.
• Arguments: None.

POPN

• Description: Removes multiple values from the stack.
• Arguments:
  • count (integer): Number of values to remove.

COPY

• Description: Duplicates the top value of the stack.
• Arguments: None.

COPYN

• Description: Duplicates a value at a specific stack index.
• Arguments:
  • stack_index (integer): The index of the stack value to duplicate.

SWAP

• Description: Swaps the top value with a value at a specific stack index.
• Arguments:
  • stack_index (integer): The index of the stack value to swap.

SWAP2

• Description: Swaps two values on the stack.
• Arguments:
  • a_stack_index (integer): Index of the first value.
  • b_stack_index (integer): Index of the second value.

JUMP

• Description: Jumps to a specified address or label.
• Arguments:
  • addr (integer or label): Target address or label prefixed by :.

JUMPIFFALSE

• Description: Jumps to a specified address or label if the condition is false.
• Arguments:
  • addr (integer or label): Target address or label prefixed by :.

ITERABLELENGTH

• Description: Retrieves the length of an iterable.
• Arguments: None.

ITERATORBEGIN

• Description: Begins iteration over an iterable.
• Arguments: None.

ITERATORNEXT

• Description: Moves the iterator to the next item or jumps to a label if iteration ends.
• Arguments:
  • addr (integer or label): Target address or label prefixed by :.

ITERATOREND

• Description: Ends iteration.
• Arguments: None.

RETURN

• Description: Ends the execution of the current chunk or function.
• Arguments: None.

ARRAYCALL

• Description: Accesses an array element by index.
• Arguments:
  • index (integer): Index of the array element.

CAST

• Description: Casts a value to a specific primitive type.
• Arguments:
  • primitive_type_id (integer): Identifier of the target type.

INVOKECHUNK

• Description: Invokes a chunk of code with parameters.
• Arguments:
  • chunk_id (integer or label): Identifier or label of the chunk.
  • on_value (boolean): Whether the chunk operates on a value.
  • args_count (integer): Number of arguments passed.

SYSCALL

• Description: Invokes a system call.
• Arguments:
  • sys_call_id (integer): Identifier of the system call.
  • on_value (boolean): Whether the call operates on a value.
  • args_count (integer): Number of arguments passed.

NEWOBJECT

• Description: Creates a new object with a specified length.
• Arguments:
  • length (integer): Number of elements.

NEWRANGE

• Description: Creates a new range object.
• Arguments: None.

NEWMAP

• Description: Creates a new map with a specified length.
• Arguments:
  • length (integer): Number of key-value pairs.

NEG

• Description: Negates the top value on the stack.
• Arguments: None.

Arithmetic Operations

Perform arithmetic operations on values on the stack.

Logical and Bitwise Operations

Perform logical and bitwise operations.

Comparison Operations

Compare values on the stack.

Assignment Operations

Modify values on the stack or in memory.

(Additional ASSIGN* opcodes follow similar rules.)

Increment/Decrement

Modify values by 1.